Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory for ICD-11: Development and Evaluation in the Peruvian Correctional Setting / Inventario Integrativo de la Personalidad Dimensional para la CIE-11: desarrollo y evaluación en el sistema penitenciario peruano

Abstract Background: Personality disorder (PD) is an important predictor of the commission of crimes; however, there is a lack of clinical instruments adjusted to the characteristics of Peruvian convicts. Objective: To develop a reliable and valid comprehensive personality measurement instrument, the Integrative Dimensional Personality Inventory, ICD-11 version (IDPI-11), according to the standards of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Method: A stratified simple of prisoners from the Huancayo Penitentiary (HP) was selected (n study 1 = 60; n study 2 = 1095). Results: High reliability indices(McDonald's _ _ .73) and adequate levels of content validity(CVI-S ≥ .87), construct validity, and criterion validity of the scales were found. This could explain the probability (a) of belonging to the group of inmates with instrumental or impulsive crimes (R2 N ≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021), and (b) that recidivism, designated by the prison security level imposed, increases (R2≥ .53, β ≥ 1.16, p ≤ .008). Conclusions: The instrument is a valid and reliable measure that allows a dimensional and integrative assessment of the personality of convicts of the HP, according to ICD-11 standards

Resumen Antecedentes: el trastorno de la personalidad (TP) es un predictor importante en la comisión de delitos; sin embargo, existe una ausencia de instrumentos clínicos para las características del convicto peruano. Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento de medición integral de la personalidad confiable y válido, el Inventario Integrativo de Personalidad Dimensional versión CIE-11 (IDPI-11), según los estándares de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11). Método: se utilizó una muestra estratificada de reclusos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Huancayo (EPH) (n estudio 1 = 60; n estudio 2 = 1095). Resultados: se encontraron altos índices de confiabilidad (ω de McDonald ≥ .73) y niveles adecuados de validez de contenido (CVI-S ≥ .87), constructo y criterio de sus escalas, pudiendo explicar la probabilidad de: (a) pertenecer al grupo de internos con delitos instrumentales o impulsivos (R2≥ .52, OR ≥ 1.02, p ≤ .021);y(b) que la tendencia a reincidir, designada por el grado de seguridad penitenciaria impuesto, aumente (R2 ≥ .53, β ≥ 1,16, p ≤ .008). Conclusiones: el instrumento construido es una medida válida y confiable que permite una evaluación dimensional e integrada de la personalidad del convicto de la EP de Huancayo, de acuerdo con los estándares de la CIE-11.

Marcadores de resiliência infantil: evidências de validade para estrutura interna e precisão / Children's resilience markers: validity evidence for internal structure and reliability / Marcadores de resiliencia infantil: evidencias de validez para la estructura interna y exactitud

Resumo A resiliência tem sido considerada um construto importante para o enfrentamento de situações adversas. Em que pese sua relevância, nenhum instrumento brasileiro encontra-se disponível para sua avaliação, especialmente na infância. Diante dessa lacuna, o objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e na precisão do instrumento Marcadores de Resiliência Infantil (MRI), que busca verificar a presença ou ausência de indicadores de potenciais resilientes em crianças com idades entre oito e 12 anos. Participaram 461 crianças, das quais 223 eram meninas, de escolas públicas e particulares. Através do modelo Bi-factor, os resultados confirmaram o modelo teórico que serviu de base para sua construção, indicando a presença de seis fatores específicos e um fator geral (vulnerabilidade, coping, inteligência emocional, habilidade, bem-estar subjetivo, locus de controle) representados em 22 itens. Os coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach apontaram para adequação dos fatores Locus de controle, Coping e Total. É possível concluir que foram alcançadas evidências iniciais relacionadas à validade e à precisão do instrumento. Sugere-se que outros estudos sejam realizados a fim de compreender, de forma aprofundada, as qualidades psicométricas desse instrumento.(AU)

Abstract Resilience has been considered a relevant psychological phenomenon for coping with adverse events. Despite its relevance, the Brazilian scenario still lacks an instrument for the evaluation of such phenomenon, especially regarding childhood. Aiming to bridge this scientific gap, this study searched for validity evidences based on the internal structure and reliability of the Child Resilience Markers (CRM), an instrument that seeks to verify the presence or absence of potential indicators of resilience in children aged between eight and 12 years old. The study was conducted with 461 children from public and private schools, 223 of whom were girls. Using the Bi-Factor model, the results confirmed the theoretical model that served as the basis for the construction of the instrument, indicating six specific factors (vulnerability, coping, emotional intelligence, ability, subjective well-being, locus of control) and a general factor represented into 22 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated the adequacy of the Locus of control, Coping, and Total factors. These findings evince the validity and reliability of the instrument, indicating the need for further studies to provide a deeper understanding of this instrument psychometric qualities.(AU)

Resumen La resiliencia se ha considerado un constructo importante para el enfrentamiento de situaciones adversas. A pesar de su relevancia, ningún instrumento brasileño se encuentra disponible para evaluarla, especialmente en la infancia. Ante esta brecha, el objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna y la exactitud del instrumento Marcadores de Resiliencia Infantil (MRI), que pretende verificar la presencia o ausencia de indicadores de potencial de la resiliencia en niños de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años. Participaron 461 niños, de los cuales 223 son niñas, de escuelas públicas y privadas. Por medio del modelo Bi-Factor, los resultados confirmaron el modelo teórico que sirvió de base para su construcción, indicando la presencia de seis factores específicos y un factor general (vulnerabilidad, afrontamiento, inteligencia emocional, capacidad, bienestar subjetivo, locus de control) representados en 22 ítems. Los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach apuntaron a la adecuación de los factores Locus de control, Coping y Total. Es posible concluir que se han alcanzado evidencias iniciales relacionadas con la validez y exactitud del instrumento. Se sugiere realizar más estudios para conocer, en profundidad, las cualidades psicométricas de este instrumento.(AU)

Moral identity test (MIT) for children: reliability and validity

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study is to develop the Moral Identity Test (MIT) which measures the moral identity of primary school children. Methods The present study was designed as survey research and 516 primary school children were included in the sample. Data were analysed with corrected item-total correlation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), internal consistency analysis, convergent validity analysis, and item response theory (IRT). Results As a result of the data analysis, it was found that the MIT consists of one construct with ten items and its internal consistency coefficient is .93. Conclusions It was concluded that the MIT can generate reliable and valid results in measuring the moral identity of primary school children whose ages vary between 7 and 11 years.

Development of the Dimensional Inventory of Child Development Assessment (IDADI) / Construção do Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (IDADI) / Construcción del Inventario Dimensional de Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil (IDADI)

Child development is complex and includes multiple domains, such as cognition, communication and language, motor skills, socialization, and emotional development. The objective of this paper was to present the development process of the Dimensional Inventory of Child Development Assessment (IDADI) and evidence of its content validity. IDADI was conceived to assess child development of children from zero to 72 months of age through parental reports covering Cognitive, Motor (Gross and Fine), Communication and Language (Receptive and Expressive), Socioemotional and Adaptive Behavior domains. The development process involved: description of the theoretical foundation; development of the preliminary version of the instrument; expert item analysis; semantic analysis of the items by the target population; and a pilot study. The initial item pool had 2,365 items and the final version consisted of 524, after exclusions, modifications and additions. The stages of development led to changes in most of the items. This process is considered to have ensured IDADI's content validity. Thus, it is believed that IDADI will contribute to child development assessment in Brazil in clinical and research contexts. (AU)

O desenvolvimento infantil é complexo e compreende múltiplos domínios, como cognição, comunicação e linguagem, motricidade, socialização e desenvolvimento emocional. O objetivo desse artigo foi apresentar o processo de construção do Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (IDADI) e suas evidências de validade de conteúdo. O IDADI foi elaborado para avaliar o desenvolvimento infantil de zero até 72 meses de idade por meio do relato parental, abrangendo os domínios Cognitivo, Motricidade (Ampla e Fina), Comunicação e Linguagem (Receptiva e Expressiva), Socioemocional e Comportamento Adaptativo. O processo envolveu: fundamentação teórica; construção da versão preliminar; análise dos itens por juízes especialistas; análise semântica dos itens pela população-alvo; e estudo piloto. Partiu-se de um pool de 2.365 itens, chegando-se a uma versão de 524 após exclusões, modificações e inserções de itens. As etapas da construção determinaram mudanças em grande parte dos itens. Considera-se que esse processo garantiu a validade de conteúdo do instrumento. Espera-se que o IDADI contribua à área de avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil no Brasil, tanto no contexto da pesquisa como na clínica. (AU)

El desarrollo infantil es complejo y comprende múltiples dominios, como cognición, comunicación y lenguaje, motricidad, socialización y desarrollo emocional. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar el proceso de construcción del Inventario Dimensional de la Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil (IDADI) y sus evidencias de validez de contenido. IDADI fue concebido para evaluar el desarrollo infantil de cero hasta 72 meses de edad a través del informe parental, englobando los dominios Cognitivo, Motor (Grueso y Fino), Comunicación y Lenguaje (Receptivo y Expresivo), Socioemocional y Comportamiento Adaptativo. El proceso englobó fundamentación teórica; desarrollo de la versión preliminar del instrumento; análisis de los ítems por expertos; análisis semántico de los ítems por la población-objetivo; y estudio piloto. El grupo inicial de ítems tenía 2.365 ítems y la versión final consistía en 524, después de exclusiones, modificaciones y adiciones. Las etapas de desarrollo determinaron cambios en la mayoría de los ítems. Se considera que este proceso ha asegurado la validez del contenido del IDADI. Esperamos que IDADI pueda contribuir a la evaluación del desarrollo infantil en Brasil en contextos clínicos y de investigación. (AU)

The Validation Of The Malay Preschool Language Assessment Tool (Mplat): The Screening And Diagnostic Versions

@#The paper describes the validation of the Malay Preschool Language Assessment Tool (MPLAT), a standardized normed referenced language assessment tool for Malay preschoolers within the ages of 4;0-6;11 and whose native language is Malay. The MPLAT (A Razak et al. 2010) is an assessment tool which is designed to assess the areas of receptive language, expressive language and early literacy skills. The MPLAT contains six subtests i.e. picture vocabulary, grammatical understanding, sentence repetition, referential meaning, relational meaning and early literacy skills. This paper is divided into 2 studies. Study 1 tested the psychometric properties and normative data of the diagnostic version of MPLAT on 300 participants recruited from preschools in the rural area of Gua Musang and the urban area of Kota Bahru located in the East Coast state of Kelantan. The construct validity is high with a strong correlation (r = 0.942) between test scores and age, validating the developmental nature of the test. There was also moderate to strong positive correlation between each subtest and the test total, as well as between subtests. It also has high test-retest reliability (r = 0.998 (p < 0.01) and inter-rater reliability (rho = 1.000). The second study looked at the psychometrics properties of the MPLAT short version (screening) compared to the full version diagnostic. The short version of MPLAT is about a quarter of the full (diagnostic) version. About 108 subjects in the urban area of the the Klang Valley, consisting of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, were administered both versions of the MPLAT. The Pearson correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between the total scores and age (r = 0.718, p<.01), and strong positive correlation for the test-retest reliability (r = 0.881, n=12) for the short MPLAT version. For the full version, the Spearman correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between total scores and age (r = 0.791, p<.01) and a very strong positive Pearson correlation for test-retest reliability (r = 0.943). Cronbach's Alpha values demonstrated the internal consistency of the full version (0.972) and short version (0.929). In summary, both versions of the MPLAT were found to be valid tools to screen and diagnose language problems among Malay preschool children in Malaysia. MPLAT also has the potential to be a useful research tool to delineate language development of the preschool Malay children.

Development and internal structure investigation of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory / Desenvolvimento e investigação da estrutura interna do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP)

This study aimed to develop a dimensional instrument to assess personality disorders based on Millon's theoretical perspective and on DSM-IV-TR diagnoses criteria, and seek validity evidence based on internal structure and reliability indexes of the factors. In order to do that, a self-report test composed of 215 items, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (DCPI) was developed and applied to 561 respondents aged between 18 and 90 years (M = 28,8; SD = 11.4), with 51.8% females. Exploratory factor analysis and verification of reliability were performed using Cronbach's alpha. Data provided validity evidence based on internal structure of the instrument according to the theory of Millon and DSM-IV-TR. (AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento de caráter dimensional para avaliação dos transtornos da personalidade baseado na teoria de Millon e nos critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV-TR, e buscar evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna e índices de fidedignidade dos fatores. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um teste de autorrelato composto por 215 itens, o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP), em 561 pessoas com idade variando entre 18 e 90 anos (M=28,8; DP=11,4), sendo 51,8% do sexo feminino. Procedeu-se a análises fatoriais exploratórias e verificação da fidedignidade por meio do alfa de Cronbach. Os dados encontrados favorecem as evidências de validade do instrumento de acordo com a teoria de Millon e o DSM-IV-TR. (AU)

Development of Instruments to Assess Shame and Guilt in Adolescents: Empirical Differences Between the Constructs / Elaboração de Instrumentos Para Aferir Vergonha e Culpa em Adolescentes: Diferenças Empíricas Entre os Construtos / Elaboracion de Instrumentos Para Evaluar la Verguenza y la Culpa en los Adolescentes: Diferencias Empiricas Entre los Constructos

Shame and guilt are terms easily mixed in everyday life and often used as synonyms. Although they are words of similar use, they represent theoretically different moral emotions. The aims of this study were to develop and validate instruments to assess shame and guilt and to test the empirical independence of the constructs. Five hundred and eighty high school students from three Brazilian states participated in this study, 55% of them female, with an average age of 16.0 years. The participants answered a questionnaire containing socio demographic questions and scales designed for this study in order to assess shame and guilt. The scales developed gave appropriate evidence of validity and reliability. A single factor was extracted to assess shame and two factors to assess guilt (recognition of mistake and regret). The constructs revealed to be correlated, but independent. It is considered that there is sufficient evidence to affirm that shame and guilt are emotions with distinctive peculiarities and can be measured using the instruments developed in this research.

Vergonha e culpa são termos facilmente confundidos no cotidiano e muitas vezes usados como sinônimos. Embora sejam palavras com usos semelhantes, elas representam emoções morais teoricamente diferentes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram construir e validar instrumentos para avaliar vergonha e culpa e testar a independência empírica dos construtos. Participaram 580 estudantes de Ensino Médio de três Estados brasileiros, 55% do sexo feminino, média de idade 16,0 anos. Os participantes responderam a um questionário com perguntas sociodemográficas e escalas projetadas para este estudo para aferir vergonha e culpa. As escalas elaboradas apresentaram adequadas evidências de validade e fidedignidade. Um único fator foi extraído para aferir vergonha e para a culpa foram extraídos dois fatores (reconhecimento do erro e arrependimento). Os construtos mostraram-se correlacionados, mas independentes. Considera-se haver evidências suficientes para sustentar que vergonha e culpa são emoções com peculiaridades distintivas e são passíveis de serem aferidas com os instrumentos construídos neste estudo.

Vergüenza y culpa son términos que se confunden fácilmente en la vida cotidiana y muchas veces son utilizados como sinónimos. Aunque sean palabras con propósitos similares, representan emociones morales teóricamente diferentes. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron construir y validar instrumentos para evaluar vergüenza y culpa y testar la independencia empírica de los constructos. Participaron 580 estudiantes del secundario en tres Estados brasileños, 55% mujeres, edad promedia 16,0 años. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario con preguntas demográficas y las escalas creadas en este estudio para evaluar vergüenza y culpa. Las escalas elaboradas presentaron evidencias adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad. Un único factor para evaluar vergüenza fue extraído y para culpa fueron dos factores (reconocimiento de erros y arrepentimiento). Los constructos se mostraran correlacionados, pero independientes. Se considera haber pruebas suficientes para sostener que vergüenza y culpa son emociones que demuestran peculiaridades distintivas e que pueden medirse con los instrumentos construidos en esta investigación.

Development and content validity of the Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Neupsilin

This paper aims to present the process of construction and content validity of the Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Neupsilin, developed to briefly examine the neuropsychological profile of both clinical and healthy populations. It evaluates time and spatial orientation, attention, perception, memory, arithmetic abilities, language, praxia and executive functions (problem solving and verbal fluency). The process of construction was based on psychometric procedures: 1) construction of a preliminary version of the instrument, founded on clinical and research experience of the three specialists, as well as on research on the literature and on already available instruments; 2) blind judges' analyses: a) an analysis of the importance of the inclusion of each subtest considering the assessed construct and the instrument's goal, b) an analysis of the adequacy of each item regarding the construct; 3) reformulation of the instrument; 4) semantic analysis of the items and brainstorming; 5) final analysis done by three specialist judges; 6) pilot study and final version, and 7) content validity. Modifications were done in each stage of the development of the Neupsilin. It demonstrated adequate content validity, with advantages and limitations.

The Construction of the Continuous Adding Test for Nationwide Conscription / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To develop the continuous adding test for Nationwide Conscription.Method: The computer-based continuous adding test was developed and was administered to 24019 recruited young people among China and 1900 new recruits. When the 3-month-depot training finished, the 228 supervisors of the soldiers were investigated on the soldiers' working performance based on intelligence. Through the data, the test mode and cut-off scores were developed, and the reliability and validity was analyzed. Results: the cut-off scores were that finishing 26 items successfully in 120 seconds and the correct rate was higher than 30%. The retest reliability was 0.78 and the academic statues and the predicting congruence rate of the test was 94.7%.Conclusion:The continuous adding test was applicable as one of enlistee's primary qualification test.